KEY2PERSIA
History of Chovgan:
Chovgan,Chogan or Chowgan is an ancient and traditional Iranian sport with a history of thousands of years. Historical evidence and documents indicate that this game originated in Iran around 600 BC and was popular during the Achaemenid era.Reliefs of Chovgan being played can be found on ancient Iranian monuments, such as the Apadana Palace in Persepolis, which is a testament to its long history.
In fact, Chovgan held a special place in different periods of Iranian history, especially during the Sassanian era, and was known as the "sport of kings".Kings and nobles were very fond of this sport, and Chovgan matches were held in large arenas with a large audience.The main tools of this game are the Chovgan stick and the ball. Horsemen use the Chovgan stick to drive the ball on the ground and try to guide it into the opponent's goal.
Chovgan has also found its way to other parts of the world from Iran over time. This game became popular in India, China, Japan, and Byzantium, and gradually became known in Europe and America.
Today, Chovgan is played in more than 70 countries around the world and is also recognized as one of the Olympic sports. Although Chovgan is not very popular in its homeland, Iran, it has gained high popularity in some other countries, such as Argentina, England, and the United States.
Modern Chovgan is recognized as a well-organized and modern sport. The Federation of International Chovgan (FIP) is responsible for organizing international tournaments and overseeing the sport's rules and regulations.
Differences Between Modern Chovgan and Traditional Chovgan:
Modern Chovgan has undergone significant changes compared to its traditional form in various aspects. Some of the most notable differences include:
Rules of the Game: The rules of polo have evolved considerably over time. For instance, in the past, each team had more players, and the playing field was also larger. Additionally, some rules regarding hitting the ball and scoring have also changed.
Playing Field: The modern Chovgan field is generally smaller than in the past. This has made the game faster and more exciting.
Equipment: Chovgan equipment has also evolved over time. For example, modern Chovgan mallets are lighter and more durable than their predecessors. Additionally, helmets and other protective gear have become mandatory for players and horses.
Horse Breeds: In the past, any horse breed was used for Chovgan. However, today, specific breeds like Akhal-Teke and Thoroughbred are preferred due to their superior speed, agility, and stamina.
Role of Women: Traditionally, Chovgan was an exclusively male sport. However, today, women actively participate in the game, and even women's world Chovgan championships are held.
Playing Levels:
Chovgan is played at various levels, from beginner to professional. This has made the sport accessible to individuals with diverse skill sets.
Chovgan as a Tourist Attraction:
Chovgan has emerged as a tourist attraction in some countries, including Iran, Argentina, and England. Chovgan matches draw spectators from around the globe.
Spectating a Match: Witnessing a Chovgan match up close is an exhilarating and unforgettable experience. Tourists can attend various Chovgan tournaments held across Iran and the globe.
Participating in Training Courses: Several Chovgan clubs in Iran and other parts of the world offer training courses for tourists. These courses provide an opportunity for tourists to learn the fundamentals of Chovgan, experience horseback riding, and practice hitting the ball.
Visiting Stables: Tourists can visit Chovgan stables and gain firsthand insights into the horses and equipment used in the sport.
Challenges:
High Costs: Chovgan is an expensive sport, and due to the requirement for trained horses and specialized equipment, it is not accessible to everyone. Finding ways to reduce costs and increase accessibility for people from various socioeconomic backgrounds is among the challenges that Chovgan faces in the future.
Shortage of Suitable Horses: Breeding and training horses suitable for Chovgan requires significant expertise and investment. The scarcity of high-quality horses can pose an obstacle to the sport's development in certain regions.
Competition with Other Sports: Chovgan must compete with other sports, particularly more popular ones, to attract audiences and financial support. Innovation and creativity in organizing tournaments, promoting prominent figures in the sport, and utilizing modern marketing techniques can help Chovgan in this competition.
Future:
Despite the challenges, Chovgan, as a sport with a rich history and tradition, holds the potential for growth and development in the future. Efforts are underway to increase the sport's popularity in Iran and other parts of the world.Efforts are underway to reintroduce Chovgan as an Olympic sport, a move that could significantly enhance its prestige and popularity worldwide.
Chovgan Field and Gameplay:
A Chovgan field is a rectangular shape with a length ranging from 270 to 300 meters and a width between 160 and 180 meters. At each end of the field, there are goalposts with a width of 6 meters. The Chovgan field is divided into two equal halves, and a 16-meter circle is located in the center of the field.
At the start of the game, the referee throws the ball into the center of the field, and both teams strive to gain possession of the ball. The team that acquires the ball attempts to score by hitting it with a mallet (Chovgan) towards the opponent's goal.
A team earns one point when they successfully maneuver the ball into the opponent's goal. The first team to reach the predetermined score (usually 4 or 6 points) wins the match.
Chovgan adheres to a specific set of rules and regulations designed to ensure fair and safe play for both players and horses. Some of the essential Chovgan rules include:
